For most fruits, a thorough rinse under cool running water is all that is needed. I usually avoid using soap or detergents because fruit can absorb residues that are not meant to be consumed. For firmer fruits such as apples, pears, and melons, gently rubbing the surface with your hands or a clean produce brush can help remove dirt and some surface pesticide residues.
A vinegar solution is sometimes used as an extra step, especially for berries, but it is important to rinse the fruit again with clean water afterward. One common mistake is washing fruits before storing them. Excess moisture can encourage mold growth and shorten shelf life, particularly for berries. In most cases, it is better to wash fruit just before eating or preparing it.
Another tip is not to forget fruits with inedible peels, such as oranges, bananas, and melons. Even though the peel is discarded, cutting through an unwashed surface can transfer dirt and microbes from the outside to the edible portion inside.